The Theory Of Child Development - 858 Words

Social scientists have given us several theories on child development. There have been three influential theories that have really shaped how we look at the subject. Each one of these theories offers an insightful perspective that has been very influential in how we view child development. The first theory, we will delve into is George Herbert Meads Theory of the Social Self which focused on social interaction with developing human beings. Meads believed that, â€Å"a symbolic interactionist, saw the self as the basis of humanity that develops not out of biological urges but from social interaction.†(Benokraitis pg338) Mead also believed that children were blank slates and that an infant’s interaction with people around them is how they begin to develop certain behaviors. Meads theory was split into three stages. Stage 1 is imitation, which last from the age of birth to two years old. In this first stage children really don’t know the difference from themselves or others. They simply imitate what they see. Stage 2 is playing and it last from the ages of 2 to 6. In this stage children begin to talk and they begin to understand the difference between themselves and others. In this stage they also learn how to socialize and they learn what is expected of them behavior wise. Stage 3 is games from ages 6 and up in this stage as children become older and their interactions with other children expand as they learn how to respond to social roles and they learn how to partake inShow MoreRelatedChild Development Theories1324 Words   |  6 PagesChild Developmental Theories Ashford University PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Psychology June 29, 2009 Child Developmental Theories While theorists have different ideas and perspectives, insight on child and adolescent development can assist teachers and parents in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential. Having knowledge about the developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1084 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant values and beliefs within their culture. All of this provides the foundations for cognitive development. As trainee teachers, it is fundamental that we have a deeper understanding of how children learn and how we can support learning. In order to do this we must first look at some of the theories of learning. Theories Prior to the early 20th century little interest was paid to how a child developed; indeed most early research appears to be based on abnormal childhood behaviour (Oates etRead MoreChild Development Theories1560 Words   |  7 PagesChild Development: An Examination of Three Theories There are a lot of theories regarding child development. Three of these theories are Bioecological Theory, Social-Cognitive Theory and Information-Processing Theory. This paper will discuss these theories by comparing and contrasting them. The first theory is the Bioecological Theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. This theory is based on the nature vs. nurture idea. Bronfenbrenner believed development of a child was determinedRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development1053 Words   |  5 PagesArt educators that consider theories of child development when creating lesson plans, are more effective. As art educators, we understand that it is our responsibility to educate ourselves on the latest research of art development in order to better serve our educational institutions through providing a quality art education for the future generations of innovators in America. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development stages thoroughly explain the biological transition that occurs in elementary schoolRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development803 Words   |  4 PagesIn the early 19th Century, little attention was given to children development. Emphasis were based upon what a child would become as they get older( Green 2013)However, it was investigated by human developmental psychologist that Child development is relevant in relation to how individuals relate in the environment as well as the factors that influence human development. These psychologists developed the human developmental life span which is predominant in the society today, although remains unsubstantiatedRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1209 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to development psychology From the beginning of the history, child development was not given an importance but now majority of people have understood its importance. Attachment theory is one of the major theories of child development. According to Bowlby, attachment is characterized by specific behaviours in children, such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened. There were number of issues that have been debated throughout the history of developmentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development2414 Words   |  10 Pagesa sound understanding of theories of child development so they can offer activities that are appropriate for the child’s particular stage of development (Early Education, 2012). This essay will compare and contrast key features of developmental theories by applying them to a particular aspect of child development, the aspect that will be investigated is language acquisition. This essay will consider differing theories of language development such as the be haviourist theory proposed by Skinner (1957)Read MoreThe Theory Of Child Development935 Words   |  4 Pages Lawrence Kohlberg was a developmental theorist who is best known for his specific and detailed theory of child development. Kohlberg believed that there were six stages of child development. He divided those stages into three levels of development. Level one; pre-conventional morality, a child doesn’t have a personal code of mortality and instead, their moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking of adult rules. Level two; conventional moralityRead MoreThe Theory of Child Development1636 Words   |  7 Pages The theory of child development, Temperament, is what this case study is based off of. Temperament is a person’s style of reacting to the world and relating to others. I will be judging â€Å"Alice† on the nine temperament traits on a ten point scale. Alice is my 2 year old cousin who knows me well because I frequently babysit her. I recently observed her personality on the nine traits. These traits include; intensity, persistence, sensitivity, perceptiveness, adaptability, regularity, energy, firstRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development878 Words   |  4 Pages Urie Bronfenbrenner was a developmental psychologist whose theory of child development really spoke to me. Relating to the microsystem and mesosystem was extremely natural for me. The microsystem is made up of the people or groups you have direct contact with, such as a professor or family member. The mesosystem is the interactions that occur between the microsystems, such as there being a family issue but that issue effecting not only yourself but causing you to have trouble at school or work place

Gender, Racial, Sexuality, Race, And Class ( 11 ) - 975 Words

Women of colour were the first to advance frameworks for recognizing the intersection of gender, sexuality, race, and class (11). Frankenberg and hooks share a racist discourse of hyper visibility towards African Americans; however, Frankenberg notes the invisibility towards Asian Americans and Native American minorities (12). Here, race is constructed as a biological category while whiteness embodies superiority. Hooks argues that stereotypes; however inaccurate, are one form of representation for a desired category and project a myth of sameness (341). Stereotypes perpetuate a single story thus excluding any opportunity for unique difference. Categorizations are a fantasy of whiteness that validates the dominant status quo. White supremacists demonstrate an inability to comprehend reason by projecting their inadequacies onto the Other. hooks does not claim white people are evil nor does she intend to evaluate them, rather she is acknowledging the terror she feels in response. White s feared interracial relationships would erode the colour line and thus segregation was an effective strategy that limited people of colours opportunities to compete in the marketplace or hold political power. Lastly, both scholars criticize the educational systems lack of popular discourse towards multiculturalism in the curricula or media (15). Peggy McIntosh explores blackness in the white imagination, but her ability to view the Other through the dominant eye presents her with a newfoundShow MoreRelatedThe Meanings of Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality953 Words   |  4 PagesThe Meanings of Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality The meanings of race, class, gender, and sexuality are definitely complicated and intertwined through intersectionality. To fully understand these meanings, one must first open his or her mind and recognize that social stipulations that society inflicts upon people need to be thrown away. One must ignore conceptions of something being static or natural (Mills 10). A naà ¯ve individual would consider race as simply a biological classificationRead MoreHate Crime : A Crime Based On Those Matter1495 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects that one might not agree with is seen as absurd. In the dictionary the word hate crime is defined as â€Å"a crime motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice, typically one involving violence.† This definition makes us think that why would anyone commit a crime based on those matter? Do they bother someone that much that someone is a different race, a different sexuality or even a different religion? Hate Crimes have been around since the ancient civilization. For example the Roman Empire, persecutedRead MoreFemale Voices of 1865-19121728 Words   |  7 Pageschallenging to break the political structure, power holders, cultural practices and beliefs in their â€Å"male† dominated world. After the Fifteenth Amendment gave African American men the right to vote, women groups say the amendment betrayed the efforts of racial equality and equality of the sexes. Women now realize they have restricted rights no matter what their social status, economic standing, cultural history, or political connections were. Through organizations such as the American Women’s SuffrageRead MoreThe Core Themes Of Postcolonial Theory963 Words   |  4 Pagesand critically assess the core themes of postcolonial feminist theory. We shall define and critically assess themes such as intersectionality and the use of standpoint theory as an epistemological position, as well as analysing the i mportance of sexuality to post colonial theory. In order to support our findings we shall reference key authors such as Gavatri Spivak, Patricia Hill Collins and Audre Lorde, as their work will aid in providing examples of key postcolonial themes.   Postcolonial feminismRead MoreDiverse Racial Experience1271 Words   |  6 PagesPoints of Origin, Points of Departure, argues that the way one is perceived in society drastically changes their experience and advantage over others. Therefore, white women are often distinguished by their whiteness which gives them a more diverse racial experience (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 1). With being white comes various additional components that set it apart from the other raced women of the world. Moreover, being a white woman automatically links them to a more favourable position of superiorityRead MoreThe Role Of Family, Religion, And Family Shape The Experiences Of Young Black Men892 Words   |  4 Pagesalso gained a series of questions after reading the participants stories. I want to discover if there is a common theme in gay or bisexual male stories. Ward, E. G. (2005). Homophobia, hypermasculinity and the US black church. Culture, Health Sexuality, 7(5), 493-504. This journal article discusses homophobia within the black community and the impact it has upon self-esteem, social relationships and physical health. Black churches were examined in particular because of the influence and power thatRead MoreThe Social Philosophies On The Race Theory And Feminism Approaches1316 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies on the Race Theory and feminism approaches. These theories will be explained of how it is understood, compared and contrasted through examples of social justice, and examples of injustice. The Race theory is viewed as a self-conscious way of thinking. It is referred to as ideas of human differences beginning from ancient times to today. Racism is made up of practices and commitments deriving from racial hierarchies. However, the thought is that where there is a race, racism follows andRead MoreGatsby Masculinity Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesTom Buchanan is hypocritical and racist for his class excellence. He is generally skeptical of â€Å"new money† millionaires like Gatsby, and frequently makes negative remarks about bootleggers, claiming that Gatsby most likely is one by â€Å"A lot of these newly rich are just big bootlegger s you know† (Fitzgerald 86). He â€Å"suddenly spout of off about polarization of the world between super-ethnic groups, the superior white race and the inferior colored races† (Slater 54). He tries to use invidious ethnicityRead MoreStudy questions Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesAnthr 110 Gender, Age and Culture Instructor: Franà §ois Larose Study Questions Fall 2012 Instructions: In preparation for the exams, here is a list of study questions for each chapter. What you need to know from the text is covered in these questions. For all these chapters, you need to be familiar with the definitions (technical terms) highlighted in the text. Also, while there will be no direct questions on the grey boxes in these chapters, I strongly suggest you read them. They provideRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against Black Americans1203 Words   |  5 Pages Race Matters [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institute] Race Matters Question 1 The author Cornel West has addressed the prevalent issue of racial discrimination in the United States of America. His book holds a pivotal position as a best seller that talks about the urgency and importance of this issue. He has actually highlighted a range of issues that involves the racial discrimination against the Black Americans (West, 1993). He has opened discussions on the critical situation of

Government Regulations Within the Jewellery Industry Free Essays

The government regulations are really down to the federal trade commission to enforce it and to ensure that the jewellery industry complies with it. The government regulations even have an influence in the way that the businesses are allowed to market themselves and the way that they do their advertising. There are a lot of people that feel that the jewellery industry would be far better if it was self-regulated. We will write a custom essay sample on Government Regulations Within the Jewellery Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The internet is changing the way in which the business is conducted. There are a vast number of companies that are listed on the many different listing sites and the web pages. These companies all have countless false statements and inaccuracies. There are a lot of people who are unaware of the many companies so these companies see the internet as a good way to push the boundaries of truth to a certain amount. The jewellery industry at present does not have any way controlling the industry, reviewing the industry or even regulating the industry. All of the communications that are carried out on the internet only have a limited time before the government steps in to intervene. The government will intervene in order to deal with a rising amount of consumer complaints because there are a lot of people who are being ripped off on the internet and this is thought to be on the increase. The government regulations state what can and cannot be done within the jewellery industry in order to try and control the rising problems associated with the internet. It is very important that the industry is educated in what is acceptable and what is not acceptable. It is very important that the industry is aware of what can be contained in reviews about pieces of jewellery whether these reviews are available on the internet or off the internet. How to cite Government Regulations Within the Jewellery Industry, Papers

Bills In Congress Essay Research Paper Bills free essay sample

Bills In Congress Essay, Research Paper Bills Waiting to be Passed Bill sum-ups and positions in Congress. Some are still drifting about in Congress waiting to acquire passed. One measure is the Juvenile Crime Control Act of 1997. This measure states that if a juvenile is alleged of perpetrating an discourtesy to the United States Juvenile Delinquency Act be surrendered to the province authorization and be tried as an grownup. This measure besides authorizes a juvenile to be proceeded against as a juvenile in Federal tribunal if the alleged discourtesy or act is committed within the particular maritime and territorial legal power of the United States and is one for which the upper limit authorised term of imprisonment does non transcend six months. This measure besides authorizes that the tribunal does non hold legal power over the juvenile sing the alleged act and there is significant Federal involvement in the instance or the exercising of Federal legal power. We will write a custom essay sample on Bills In Congress Essay Research Paper Bills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the juvenile goes to tribunal the tribunal must be unfastened to the populace. The juvenile must be tried as an grownup if they are if the age of 14 and have committed a felony or a drug discourtesy. This measure limits the term for which probation may be given to a juvenile that is found to be a juvenile delinquen T to five old ages for a felony and one twelvemonth for a misdemeanour of misdemeanor. Detention may be ordered for a juvenile to the least of the maximal term. Supervised release may besides be ordered for up to five old ages. The Accountability for Juvenile Offenders and Public Protection Incentive Grants is used to replace commissariats sing grants to develop alternate methods of penalties for the young person wrongdoers with commissariats authorising the Attorney General to supply grants to advance greater answerability in the juvenile justness system. Juveniles must make after school activities to maintain them out of problem. The plans are meant to maintain juveniles out of packs or from being in offenses. They must set up community service plans, based on the theoretical accounts that teach accomplishments and subject. Peer mediation plans, large brother and large sister plans, plans to beef up household units, and runing drug bar intervention, and instruction plans are some of the things that are being done to maintain juveniles out of problem while they are off from schools. Establishing bar plans for at hazard juveniles are being put into action to maintain most of the immature from traveling the incorrect way when they grow up.

Sandwich Restaurant Sample Business Plan free essay sample

Keys to SuccessThe design and implementation of strict financial controls which will be important,  since the restaurant industry is quite competitive.It offers high-quality fresh and healthy food to clearly stand out from the competition. The last key is the needs to ensure proper visibility have an effective, targeted marketing campaign to support the opening of the store in order to ensure enough business.MissionTo offer the finest, healthiest and best-tasting pita sandwiches in Nakuru. We will offer the finest customer service; no customer will leave who is dissatisfied.Keys to SuccessEmploy strict financial controls. This is extremely important in a retail food establishment.Offer the highest-quality lunchtime fare.Ensure sufficient visibility.  A strong marketing campaign required.1.3 ObjectivesTo become the premier sandwich shop in downtown NakuruTo continually draw students off campus for lunch at a rate of 35% new customers per year after the second year.StrengthsIt’s serving tasty food, offering quality service at the table. We will write a custom essay sample on Sandwich Restaurant Sample Business Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Providing decor that makes the fun of eating our restaurant a memorable experience.Pricing structure; offering a lower-priced menu than similar restaurants in your area. We generate traffic during slow times by offering special promotions, such as â€Å"buy two meals, get one free before 5 p.m.† to get patrons in the doorServing a specific type of ethnic food (sushi) not served elsewhere in the area.WeaknessesWait staff creates a weakness for our restaurant since you’re dependent on them for the personal service they provide to each table.Lack of provision of adequate employee training; showing wait staff how they should attend to tables or explaining to culinary personnel how you want food prepared and presented. Not getting consistent supplies that result in menu items not being available.Relying on an outdated point-of-sale system or using paper to keep track of ordering and stocking.OpportunitiesExpanding or providing different types of food and beverages.Taking advantage of trends related to eating healthier may mean featuring more organic dishes or salads on our menu.Finding ways to generate more traffic during slow times for example in the afternoon, may represent an opportunity for growth.Selling some of your restaurant products, such as salad dressings or baked goods, for people to buy and take home.Offering delivery services and take-out or setting up a drive-through to meet the needs of people on the go represents another potential opportunity.ThreatsCompeting restaurants located nearby represent a threat to our business, since we sell similar types of food.New restaurants opening up in your area, since area diners have more options on where to spend their dining experiences.The po tential rising price of certain foods, which prove cheaper and have gained much more popularity among the residents.

5 Billboard Taglines That Advertise Errors

5 Billboard Taglines That Advertise Errors 5 Billboard Taglines That Advertise Errors 5 Billboard Taglines That Advertise Errors By Mark Nichol I strongly advise against employing billboards to teach you proper English grammar and spelling, but you can certainly use them to learn what not to do. Here are some pain-inducing billboard boo-boos: 1. â€Å"Are you in or out?† This tagline from the remake of Ocean’s Eleven won’t strike many people as erroneous, but the omission of a comma ruins the effect for me. Read as is, this sentence calls for upward inflection: Are you one of these? But the inflection should fall, and whether your voice catches instantaneously before your pitch falls after in or you don’t actually pause, a comma signals the difference: Are you this, or are you that? 2. â€Å"All day, everyday.† This error in an advertisement for a major chain supermarket went viral some years ago, and the English language hasn’t been able to shake the bug since. Make everyday two words, and call me in the morning. 3. â€Å"Name’s Mel-care to have a drink?† This confused come-on appeared in an advertisement for Tanqueray gin featuring a comely woman inviting the billboard viewer to join her for a cocktail. With a disregard for the visual esthetics of language endemic to the marketing industry, the copywriter puzzled readers with what appeared to be a non sequitur reference in a liquor ad to a variant of Medicare known as Mel-care. By separating Mel’s introduction from her invitation with a mere hyphen when a mighty em dash was called for (â€Å"Name’s Mel care to have a drink?†), this multimillion-dollar ad campaign cried out for a pocket-change fix. The ubiquitous unwitting use of hyphens in place of dashes is wrong, but, almost worse, it’s ugly. 4. â€Å"You provide the truck. We’ll bring the barbeque.† An ad for a pickup truck big enough to haul around an oil-barrel barbecue grill misspelled the last word. â€Å"But, Mark, we see it like that all the time!† Yes, you see it misspelled all the time. It’s an understandable error, extending from the slang abbreviation BBQ, and it may end up in the dictionary someday. But it’s not there yet. Honor the language. 5. â€Å"Don’t stare, you might miss your exit.† Come on, a comma is too weak to convey the cadence of this sentence. (It didn’t work in that sentence, either, did it?) There’s a definite break in the two parts of this sentence, and the rhythm cries out for an em dash or even a period after stare. Again, as in the first and third examples, the copywriter failed to use the nuances of punctuation to help upload the desire to buy a product or use a service to the consumer’s brain. This message is brought to you by DailyWritingTips.com: When you seek to sell, consider not only words but also punctuation in the sell’s structure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eights of Misplaced Modifiers

ART AND GENDER PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ART AND GENDER PROJECT - Essay Example The renowned masters had themselves these women with great diligence since immemorial time. After the assessment of such prestige attached to these subjects, Houbraken notes a devastating evaluation of the Rembrandt’s nudes. The critic followed by a long digression of the Rembrandt’s excursion on Rembrandt mistaken principle of working only from life (Sluijter & Rembrandt, 2006). The tensions between prestigious positions of nude and anxieties caused by sexual overtone understood in the observation. The tensions also dominate on the portrayal of the nude body by men heightened when it was the artist’s categorical role to represent utmost possible lifelikeness. The depictions gave the nude females a field traditionally occupied by pitfalls (Sluijter & Rembrandt, 2006). Ninety years before the Houbraken’s biography of Rembrandt, tensions strongly expressed by the minister Samuel Ampzing and Haarlem city chronicler. After the praise of the renowned Haarlem artists, the artists attacked the reason they painted some parts of the body. These areas of the body concealed, as by the law of nature. Mostly, the paintings and the drawings that revealed these parts were the women pictures. The drawings had naked women with their body parts unconcealed. During this period, the highest aim of art was on the depiction of the nude women. Therefore, in the earlier decades of seventeenth and the eighteenth century, many of the artists deliberated the portrayal of the nude women to be the primary aim of art. For Ampzing, the erotic outcome of the paintings gave a reason enough to denounce the paintings unequivocally (Sluijter & Rembrandt, 2006). The statement given by Ampzing and Houbraken had, implicit or explicit, the nature of Rembrandt’s paintings and the etching with the ugly female nudes. The notion that the depictions of the female nude comprised of the

Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Reflective Report - Essay Example These are then associated with my personal team work incidents which affected my team and me as an individual. Since all the incidents have some or the other consequence therefore the results of the mentioned incidents will also be discussed. Moreover, development of different tranferable skills including influence, power, team roles etc. will be mentioned. I have conversed about two events in this paper. First event relates to the huge marketing activity which I was supposed to conduct with my fellows within three different university campuses. As part of our marketing course we were given different products which were to be sold sometime later. During the project work I encountered different situations which are highly relatable to different group work and team building theories. Secondly I was asked to coordinate with other group members to organize a school trip for the kindergarten and primary students. Here, I experienced entirely different situations which actually relate to s ome other reflective theories. Eventually I developed certain transferable skills which helped me in performing later jobs and group assignments in a better way. Reflective techniques are highly significant in offering us different ways of doing something while making a sense and opportunity out of every uncertainty. These are also important in transforming us into a competent and ethical individual who can easily manage chaos and the edge orders (Ghaye, 2000, p.7). Reflection techniques are specifically based upon thinking and doubt. It may also be understood with the concept of perplexity and hesitation about the personal experience. It plays a vital role in comprehending the real complex situation by acting carefully and considering all the involved elements. Furthermore it emphasizes upon continuous learning while performing different tasks. In broader terms it can also be distinguished into reflection-in i.e. thinking during the event and reflection-on action i.e. thinking

School-Based Physical Education Programs and Childhood Obesity Essay

School-Based Physical Education Programs and Childhood Obesity - Essay Example A growing segment of the population for which obesity is becoming a serious problem is school-aged children. Current research shows that obese children perform worse academically than normal weight children. Obese children affected by deteriorating physical and mental health lack the ability to stay intellectually focused in school. Thus, childhood obesity in the context of educational settings will be the focus of this dissertation. Specifically, this study will delve into the subject matter with a particular focus on African American female high school students. Furthermore, the focus of this study is the connection between the efficacy of exercise programs and regimens for school aged children. The United States, like other countries, depends upon having a healthy youth base to take over and eventually lead. If we cannot reasonably conceive that our youth will be healthy enough to lead, that presents substantial political, economic and national security problems. More fundamentall y, however, as adults, we represent the first and last line of defense for children as their caregivers. In this regard, the role of caregiver is not merely relegated to children’s parents, but also their educators, and those in the community. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), when students are physically unhealthy, they are also at risk for deficiencies in other areas pertaining to their health including mental health, intellectual health (ability to learn), and the ability to socialize. Further, the CDC observed that a sick body often translates into a deficient ability to stay focused, learn in school and grow (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). Attending school is not exclusively meant for studying the subject matter, but also for enhancing individual and social growth. Thus, mental health can rarely thrive, without physical health, since physical health ultimately affects learning ability (Bailey, 2006). Thus, there are several potential positive socia l outcomes that can arise from this study. First, by investigating the relationship between childhood obesity and the efficacy of physical education programs, answers can be provided to a number of related questions. The answers can provide information to educators and administrators as how they can alter current educational methodologies and pedagogy to effectively create physical, mental, intellectual, and social environments that are conducive to youth development. Second, such a study will further a dialogue about the importance of applied educational research into topics that are not traditionally thought of as germane to education such as physical education. This study has potential to demonstrate that adequate physical education programs are necessary to support physically healthy students, which will help to facilitate improved health in other categories that ultimately affect learning outcomes. Early childhood through adolescent years mark the most critical physiological, p sychological, and physical development periods (Belgrave, 2009). Thus, without good physical health, the corresponding steps of individual growth can be disturbed, and growth can be stunted to the degree that youth can fail to thrive in the educational setting with respect to actual learning, as well as feeling secure in their bodies. Background The broader discussion of how to tackle childhood obesity, especially in the

Relationship Between Divorce and Family Models | Proposal

Relationship Between Divorce and Family Models | Proposal Aim and Hypothesis â€Å"The conventional nuclear family is already a thing of the past,† writes Madeleine Bunting, author of ‘Willing Slaves: How the Overwork Culture is Ruling Our Lives[1]’. Current statistics do indeed paint a worrying picture; in the past 30 years the rate of divorce has doubled[2], Britain now having the highest divorce rate in Europe. Concurrently, the proportion of women in full-time employment has trebled, with maternal employment having increased by 8% to 65%[3]. As a firm believer in the Nuclear Family model, these findings and predictions are of particular personal concern. For this reason I have chosen this area as the focus for my sociological research. I have chosen to concentrate my study on the relationship between the ever-changing female sex stereotype, and the heightened rates of divorce. My test hypothesis is therefore as follows: â€Å"Divorce is more prevalent amongst families where the mother does not willingly accept the traditional female sex employment stereotype.’ Contexts and Concepts: The context of this hypothesis is best understood in light of two research studies which have been conducted previously in this area. The first was an exploratory research study conducted by Geoff Dench of Middlesex University into men’s family roles, entitled â€Å"The Place of Men in Changing Family Cultures.[4]† In this study, Dench identified two main family types; the ‘conventional family’ and the ‘deregulated family.’ The conventional family model represents a traditional family formulation in which each member has interpersonal rights and obligations arising from their marriage [or birth, if children]. The reciprocal support structure inherent in this model results in individual free choice being limited; purely personal interests may therefore need to be compromised. Dench identified that members of this group would be more inclined to see a distinction between what may be good for them as an individual, and what may be good for the family as a whole. The deregulated family model represents an individualist family formulation in which each member is responsible for upholding their own rights and negotiations of those rights. To this extent, individual choice is prevalent within this group; autonomy being the over-arching ideal. Respondents in this group expressed a view that traditional gender roles were a source of social injustice, and rejected the notion of the ‘conventional family’ as ideal on this ground. Dench identified that supporters of this model tended to be young, childless couples. Whilst this study yielded several very interesting findings, it is one conclusion in particular which is most relevant to the study of this paper: Dench discovered that the ‘highest levels of personal and marital satisfaction were among people who lived in traditional families. The highest levels were connected to families in which the man worked and the woman was at home. The lowest levels occurred when the woman worked and the man stayed at home.’ This is the very conclusion which I am attempting to prove within this research study, via my hypothesis that â€Å"Divorce is more prevalent amongst families where the mother does not willingly accept the traditional female sex employment stereotype.† The concept of ‘traditional female sex employment stereotype’ describing the situation where the role of the husband is as breadwinner of the family [i.e. provides the primary family income], and where the role of the wife is as ‘housewife’ [i.e. the primary domestic labourer]. The second research study is entitled â€Å"The growth of Lone Parenthood: Diversity and Dynamics[5]†, and was conducted by Karen Rowlingson, Stephen McKay and Richard Berthoud on behalf of the University of Derby’s Economic and Social Research Council. Their findings, whilst not specifically concerned with the issue of the female sex employment stereotype, suggested that divorce occurs more frequently in families where the woman leaves her full-time employment to look after a newly arrived child. Prima facie, this finding would suggest that my conclusion is flawed; after all, surely a woman who leaves work to look after her newly born child is adhering to the traditional employment stereotype, and should therefore be less likely to engage in divorce or separation from her partner. This finding however does not contradict my hypothesis, rather helps to contextualise it; this finding from the study concerned women who had previously been non-traditional employment stereotype conformists, but had been forced to give up their work and look after their child through circumstance. A woman who does not willingly accept her traditional role is of course more unlikely to be unhappy, as her ‘individual autonomy’, which as discussed by Dench is held as the over-arching ideal by a subscriber of the non-traditionalist model, is not being allowed to predominate. This helps to explain why my hypothesis is limited to/focussed upon women who do not ‘willingly accept’ the traditional gender employment stereotype. Main Research Method and Reasons: In light of the obvious difficulties with actually asking random adults about their marital status and employment, I have decided that the best way to glean this information is by asking my fellow students at school to complete a survey questionnaire [a method usually associated with the positivist school of sociology]. It is of course necessary that a significant proportion of my sample population have parents who are divorced, and visa versa. The problem with this requirement is that a random sample of students may not throw up sufficient of the former category. What I therefore propose is a one day trip to Somerset House in London, and armed with a complete list of all students at my college, I will cross reference their surnames against the Divorce Register[6]. Once I have identified all the students whose parents are now divorced, I will randomly select a proportion of these students to take part in my survey by assigning each student with a number and using a random-number gene rator program on my computer to decide which students will be selected. By the same random-sampling technique, I will select an identical number of students whose parents are not divorced. The benefit of conducting this prior research to identify students whose parents are divorced is that it means that the questionnaire itself does not need to ask these people whether or not their parents are separated. To ask this question may prove to upset the students; after all the divorce of their parents is not something which most students would wish to discuss or even recall during a sociological study such as mine. For the student’s whose parents are apparently still together, married, it is important to confirm that the student still lives with both parents; after all just because the parents of these student’s do not appear on the Divorce registry doesn’t mean they are still living together- they could be separated without divorce, or in the process of applying for a decree nisi/absolute. The questionnaire itself will ask questions designed to glean the following information: From those students whose parents are now divorced: If the student’s mother, for the majority of the student’s life, was engaged in full-time employment prior to separation. If the students mother, for the majority of the student’s life, was engaged in part-time employment prior to separation. If the students mother, for the majority of the student’s life, was a ‘housewife’ prior to separation. The reasons for the above answers, if known. [e.g. my mother always though that it was important to look after the family while the man went out to work etc.] From those students whose parents are still married, and living together: If the students mother has been employed on a full-time basis for the majority of the student’s life. If the students mother has been employed on a full-time basis for the majority of the student’s life. If the student’s mother has been a ‘housewife’ for the majority of the student’s life. The reasons for the above answers, if known. [e.g. my mother always though that it was important to look after the family while the man went out to work etc.] In light of the fact that I will need to compare all the data if I am going to test my hypothesis, I plan to use the above information to calculate a total ‘employment score index’ for each student sample. One simple way to achieve this is by structuring the questions of the survey as score lines, i.e. On a scale of 1-9 was your mother, for the majority of your childhood, 1= fully employed 2= fully employed but took some time of work to look after me in my early years 3= was fully employed for some of the time, but also spent a good proportion of those years at home as housewife†¦ 9= has always been a housewife since I was born. In this way the indexes of each student sample whose parents are not separated can be compared with the indexes of each student sample whose parents are divorced, a comparison from which a trend may or may not be identified, and may or may not be in line with my hypothesis. 2 pre-tests will need to be conducted by a sample of 25 students in order to tweak the questionnaire[7], so that we can be assured that the final questionnaire is appropriately constructed. This survey will create qualitative results; the limited size of the sample study precludes there being any reliable quantitative conclusions, and besides, there are clearly other factors which cause couples to separate, and therefore from such a study, we can only sensibly be interested in identifying a qualitative trend. Potential Problems: One problem associated with proposed study is the fact that due to the time restraints in which I would be operating, the limited size of my sample frame would perhaps not yield sufficient results from which a reliable trend/conclusion could be drawn. This problem could of course be rectified without changing the method, but rather by increasing the sample frame, and as such is not what could be described as an inherent problem. Another problem is the fact that we are questioning students about their mothers employment history throughout their childhood. Whilst some students may remember these details with great clarity, it may well be the case that certain students are unable to recall this information with sufficient accuracy. One solution to this problem, and a way of avoiding erroneous results through sample guesswork, would be to ask each student on a scale of 1-5 how accurate they believe their assessment to be. Finally, it may also be the case that there are simply not enough students from divorced families in my school to provide sufficient and therefore reliable data for this side of the comparison. If this is the case, it may be essential to extend the survey across several additional local colleges, although the time-frame available would not make the necessary research for this sample frame extension feasible. When asking the students to confirm that their parents are still married and living together, students may not be willing to admit that their parents are currently in the process of divorce or separated, as this is often perceived to be shameful by the children of such parents. This will mean that data from students whose parents are in fact separated [but not divorced] will be erroneously attributed to the data for students whose parents are still married and living together, thus causing inaccuracies to any trend which is identified. One solution to this problem would be to allow each sample student to conduct the survey in the privacy of their own home etc., in this way there is no reason to lie as no-one will ever discover their identity. Footnotes [1] June 21st, 2004. Harper Colins Publishing. ISBN: 0007163711 [2] http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=4140 [3] http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/article.asp?ID=355Pos=ColRank=1Rank=224 [4] The Place of Men in Changing Family Cultures (London York: ICS/Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 1996); [5] Rowlingson, K and McKay, S (1998) The Growth of Lone Parenthood: Diversity and Dynamics, London: PSI [6] Principal Register, Divorce Registry, Room G45, Somerset House, Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, London WC2A 2LL. [7] Converse and Presser (1986: 65) argue cogently that a minimum of two pre-tests are necessary, with pretest sizes of 25 – 75.

The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparison between two Southeast Asian societies :: essays papers

The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparison between two Southeast Asian societies ‘Without rice, there is nothing doing.’ Introduction. The fact that rice plays an important role in the lives of the peoples of Southeast Asia is undeniable. It is not just a form of sustenance that nourishes the body; it is also an aspect of everyday life that feeds not only the soul but the unbounded realms of the imaginative human mind. Such proverbs as above are an example of how rice is revered and incorporated in day-to-day living of the peoples in this region. Even outside the region, as in Mizumono Kuni – the Land of Luxurious Rice Crops that is Japan, the placement of rice is that of a very high level: †¦next to the Emperor, rice is the most sacred of all things on earth. Money can be squandered and the wastrel forgiven, but there is no forgiveness for wasting rice (Piper 1993:14). In Southeast Asia, rice is seen as the basis of almost all the cultures and civilizations ever created. It is also said to be responsible for the high populations of this region for if it wasn’t for rice that had replaced the millets and other staple food crops that preceded it, far fewer people could have been supported by agriculture (Piper 1993:1). The truth remains that the bulk of the cultures of Southeast Asia constitutes agriculturalists with rice as the main crop, with a few exceptions of course, in more industry-oriented nations for example. Two main elements can be derived: firstly, since rice has been the major crop cultivated in Southeast Asia for perhaps more than 7,000 years, surely cultures and civilization are interwoven with each other (Piper 1993:1). One can safely assume that that long a time must have been ample enough for gradual evolutions and intermixing of cultures and traditions, rituals and beliefs and so on that is closely linked to rice, so we can s ee similarities between cultures of different countries within this region that may have even perpetuated from the same roots. And the same goes to the careful selections of good varieties of rice over time. Secondly, rice is such an adaptive crop that it is not impossible to successfully grow it in different environments where crops could not have been grown successfully- from swampy valleys and deltas to hot, dry land above the floods and even in the mountain forests (Piper 1993:1).

Legal Ethics Assignment Essay

1. Food and Drug Administration. This agency and proposed regulation interests me because since it is something that has become popular in the recent years and that it affects many people in the united states and in the world today. Yes, many people in the gaming industry smoke on a regular basics. It will not affect the business directly; just the workers in the industry. 2. The proposal is a consideration of applicable approval mechanisms and additional indications for nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), and input on a report to Congress examining the regulation and development of innovative products and treatments for tobacco dependence. In more basic terms it is trying to get tobacco dependent treatments or mechanisms, such as electronic cigarettes, a chance to be officially approved by the FDA. 3. Six months after most people purchased e-cigarettes, 31% of these smokers said they’d quit cigarettes and two-thirds of them said they’d cut back on the number of cigarettes they smoked. A third of those who’d quit smoking also quit using e-cigarettes. But E-cigarettes have not been tested for efficacy and safety. Additionally, they are produced overseas with little oversight to ensure good manufacturing practices. To regulate this product identified chemicals and quantities that is used in this product, release pros and cons for this product, and put a warning label on the product about the risk of addiction to nicotine. I wish to accomplish in my comment was to help the FDA is that there is pros in the use of E-cigarettes. Also, that the use of E-cigarettes is a lower and healthier risk then the use of regular tobacco cigarettes. 4. The deadline was Jan 16, 2013. 5.   a. Private citizens, government officials, industry representatives, businesspeople, and corporations can all send in comments based on provided proposed regulation during the public comment period. Anyone who wishes to challenge the validity of a federal regulation after it becomes law must participate in the comment period and voice his or her concerns at that time. Some agencies hold public hearings on proposed regulations. The purpose of the hearings is to take input on the proposals and consider additional evidence and consider additional evidence and factors relevant in promulgating the final version of the rule.† Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment, 9th Edition. b. 1) Arbitrary and Capricious. Standard for challenging administrative agency rules; used to show decisions or rules were not based on sufficient. 2) Substantial Evidence Test. Basis for challenging the action of an administrative agency on the grounds that the rule promulgated was not based on enough evidence. 3) Failure to comply with the Administrative Procedures Act requirements of notice, publication, and public comment or input. The procedures for rulemaking must be followed in order for the regulatory process, and the resulting rules, to be valid. 4) Constitutional challenge. The regulation is unconstitutional. Dealing with regulations giving an agency authority to search records, or impose discriminatory requirements for licensing professionals. 5) Ultra Vires. Action taken beyond the scope of authority; with federal agencies, action taken that is beyond the congressional authority given in the enabling statute. c. From five legal theories, I would use Substantial Evidence Test to challenge this proposed regulation of not ban the use of electronic cigarettes. I choose this theory is based on the fact that there is enough evidence to prove that electronic cigarettes will not do the same damage to human as real cigarettes do. Because electronic cigarettes contain different chemical other than liquid nicotine, there is enough research to prove that other chemical will not affect people’s health, meaning electronic cigarettes are still a healthy alternative of cigarettes. Also, companies that manufacture electronic cigarettes claim their products do not contain carcinogens or tar or produce secondhand smoke, should be the first concern of making this regulation.

Below the Mill Dam essays

Below the Mill Dam essays What a story is about on the surface is not what it is necessarily about on the inside with the use of metaphors. When a story uses two levels of meaning such as this it is called an allegory, and is useful when writers want to make a comparison by using representation and symbolism such as in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress. In it Bunyan uses a simple wicket gate to actually mean spiritual enlightenment and even heaven (depending on interpretation). Similarly, in "Below the Mill Dam" Kipling successfully uses a traditional English water mill with a cat and a rat to be a deeper commentary on the nature of change. On the surface this seemingly bizarre story is about an English Black Rat, a Grey Cat, an old Mill Wheel and the water it is employed with; all of whom speak to each other. The story begins one evening with the wheel constantly quoting the Domesday Books Latin verses. The Domesday Book, which was completed in 1086, listed all the possessions of everybody in England. The Black English Rat is introduced as a smug, high class figure as Kipling wrote, ... the Black Rat [sat] on the cross-beam, luxuriously trimming his whiskers... [and said] I am not above appreciating my position and all it means (Kipling 80). The cat is introduced as a similar character to that of the Black Rat although a little more relaxed, ... said the Grey Cat, coiled up on a piece of sacking (80). These characteristics set the stage for the changes that were to take place. As the story proceeds and characters evolve, the Mill and the Wheel change with the introduction of (at that point) modern technology such as light bulbs and turbines to increase efficiency. The Black Rat and the Grey Cat are critical of these changes with comments such as Whatever it is... its overdone. They can never keep it up, you know (85). The story ends with the Wheel embracing turbines, the Black R ...

How to Choose the Career and Where to Find Guidance

How to Choose the Career and Where to Find Guidance Guiding Lines for the Career Choosing Process It is a rare case when the person thinks of the future career since school. In most cases, students start choosing possible future profession after school graduation and entering college. And even then they use as guiding lines the opinion of their parents, teachers, and peers. It is normal to consider various points of view. But you need to realize that the last word should always be yours and it should not be affected or altered with someone’s opinion. This is your life choice, and you will be the one who will have to deal with it. We hope that recommendations from our article will help you in defining your path. Usually, students think that their education defines their career. And in most cases this is true. While you study at the college or university, even in school, you gain valuable knowledge that you will be able to use in your potential profession. From another point of view, we can for sure find people, whose career is connected with completely different disciplines they study at university. The author of this article has the same story. I have graduated from Harvard Business School and get an MBA degree. But now I work as a writer and blogger and provide recommendations for students and beginners on the professional paths. While I do not directly use my degree, the received knowledge and skills still are very useful in my work now. For instance, this is about writing, researching and communicating. But having an education, especially a higher one provides more opportunities today. You can receive assistance from the writing professionals to create the best essay in order to raise your chances to reach the target school. Top Career Choices of 2018-2019 The main criteria should be your passion. But earning money is an important aspect as well. Even the most attractive work can exhaust you without bringing sufficient sums of money. You need to consider the fact that you will have to provide your life, and you need enough money. You may check the following list of careers that are well-paid and in a way interesting: Dentist (or another position in the dental industry). Biomedical field (vet, for instance). Sports fitness (consider the industry that helps people to keep fit and healthy). IT industry (we all now know how this field is rewarded). Nursing (you may have good career perspectives there as well). Health administration (saving lives is both rewarding and significant). Law business law (protect justice and human rights). This list shows that the basic required careers remain the same for the last decade. It is a result of technological development. Apart from this list and your thoughts, you can ask for help in career counseling. How to Find a Job that Brings Pleasure? Now let’s discuss more what can help you to make the right career choice considering your own wishes and passion. If you want to find a job that will be rewarding in a financial and emotional way, then you need to read the following factors. What are your hobbies and interests? (for instance, if you are passionate about the music, you do not have to think of the musician career only, as you can also become a great manager for a band or the stage technician); What is your education? (choose the specialization on your own to implement your desires for the future); How you make decisions? (in most cases, to reach the career success you need to be good at decision making); What makes you happy? What you hate doing? What are your language skills (this aspect is important for international students); What are your time management skills? (this is important wherever you work); What your cultural specifications? Do you have any previous working experience? (This element can be valuable in your resume even of your last job was not connected with your desired one); What opportunities and threads do industries interesting to you have? What are your communicational and interpersonal skills? What are your life and family values? What are your financial requirements for your monthly needs? That is all you need to keep in mind. Unfortunately, we cannot exclude the financial factor. The whole modern world is based on the economy and money, so you need to have a decent living level first of all. That is why career choice should be affected by the financial opportunities as well. Considering the approximate salary, you can make some necessary calculations. Think of how much money you spend days and what monthly expenses you have/might have. Then mark the salary requirements considering this information. Do not stop your choice on the first decent opportunity. Do some researches and learn about the potential position as much as possible. Keep in mind that your career should not be like slavery. Your work should be fairly rewarded and the received finances should cover all your basic needs at least. Think of the profession as an opportunity for personal growth instead of being a part of a big corporation for the rest of your life. But everything is suitable for the first start. So you can get your potential employer interested by providing an excellent companion letter along with your resume. You can order quality writing in order to save time.

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Social Psychology - Essay Example his subject that the author of this paper was able to obtain a clearer understanding of the aggressive dimension of self and individuals within our sphere. Furthermore, social psychology bridges the gap between sociology and psychology. Hence, this subject holds great intrigue for this writer particularly because of the dynamic new knowledge it explores in its synthesis yet separate sociological and psychological dimensions. In essence social psychology is a 20th Century phenomenon. The authors of the article, Social psychology insists that perhaps the most influential thought in social psychology was Herbert Spencer, who was known for expounding on Darwin’s biological theory. They believe Spencer coined the phrase â€Å"survival of the fittest†. The authors assert that sociologists such as Edward Ross and others like him initiated social psychology within sociology. Simultaneously, they observed that psychologists such as J. Mark Baldwin and William McDougall began to investigate social psychology. Consequently, this merging of psychologists and sociologists fuelled an explosion in research in the field of social psychology. (Social psychology: once overlooked, now a staple) Aspelmeier proposes three major landmarks in the development of this field. First, in 1898, the first social psychology experiment was conducted by Norm Triplett’s on the phenomenon of social facilitation studies. The second landmark was the publication of the first textbook in this field by McDougal in 1908 and third, the influence of Hitler and World War 11. This era saw a migration of European psychologists to other countries; specifically it brought gestalt psychologists to America. Kurt Lewin, who is sometimes called the father of social psychology, was one such psychologist. This exodus from the Nazi rule sparked much research into authority figures, group dynamics, prejudice and aggression. In addition, the U.S. military utilized these social psychologists for needed research in

Response Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response - Movie Review Example Such books are preserved in the forbidden library, as they would question the authority of the church. One of the key ways through which Umberto Eco compares Brother Williams to Sherlock Holmes is through the assessment of the murders of the monks. In the contemporary setting, Sherlock Holmes was a brilliant detective who understood the inner workings of various aspects about the killers. Williams was able to think outside the box and as well, solve mysterious deaths that no one else would have solved.1 Using such an approach, although Brother William was not a detective by nature, his ability to see through crime in a way that most people would not makes him more like Sherlock Holmes. Bringing in the concept of the supernatural, such as demons, also makes this film more like Sherlock Holmes, as the detective was in a mysterious island, whose inner workings were unclear to humans, but were more of a supernatural nature. Reason is the key strategy of any investigation. Bearing in mind that most people do not have a clue on the inner workings of a murder case, because they have little, if any connection with the murderer, using reason is one of the ways through which such mysteries can be solved. Brother Williams was willing to reason and see beyond the trees, to view the forest. In short, he used the various simple details of a case to create a hypothetical bigger picture, which was much closer to the actual truth. The book is very educational, highly intuitive and a suspense filled packet of

Compliance of Businesses with the Principles of United Nations Global Essay - 1

Compliance of Businesses with the Principles of United Nations Global Compact - Essay Example Alcoa Inc., being an international organization with 31 headquarters all over the world and working in all the major aspects of its industry (developing technology, performing mining, refining, smelting, fabricating, and recycling of aluminum), believes it has enough expertise and experience for making recommendations to the Australasian Local Network. Furthermore, these particular principles are a basis of our Vision & Values statement, which makes us responsible for protecting and promoting â€Å"the health and well-being of the individual and the environment† (Vision & Values 2011). Alcoa Foundation, one of the largest corporate foundations in the U.S., is an outstanding project of our company, the activities of which are aimed at supporting our host communities worldwide (Alcoa Foundation 2011). The organization works as an independent foundation for addressing both global and local challenges of the communities. These activities are consistent with the vision and mission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in terms of supporting â€Å"economic and social well-being of people around the world† (OECD 2011), and of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in regards to â€Å"promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights† (ILO 2011). Therefore, on the basis of our experience working towards the outlined above principles, we would like to propose the following recommendations: 1. Design, implement and control the fulfillment of a statement of protecting human rights in all the communities the company operates in (Global Compact Principle One 2011). Benefits & Implications: The company’s vision regarding human rights protection is clearly outlined and, thus, it is easier to develop corresponding structures and policies Communities differ and, therefore, some general and universal principles should be outlined in the statement instead of those to which a particular l ocal community is accustomed. A unified statement, being fulfilled, will not only promote human rights protection within the community but will also help to educated communities on what they should claim from organizations in terms of respecting and supporting people’s rights. Lessons Learnt The statement of protecting human rights of Alcoa Inc. now includes only the points regarding paying employees guaranteed minimum wages and prohibiting slavery (Health 2011), and we are working on improving this aspect. This shortcoming of ours has caused many problems in the past – we have even been blamed for putting corporate interests above the interests of people, governments or the planet. There, however, already exist good examples: the Human Rights Policy Statement of Continental Airlines, for instance, deals with such issues as ethical business conduct, as well as protection of the rights of co-workers and children (Continental Airlines, Inc. 2011).

The Capital of Yemen Essay Example for Free

The Capital of Yemen Essay Sanaa is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. it is the capital of the Republic of Yemen. The history of Sanaa started when founded by Shem, son of Noah. the story tells of how Shem reached Yemen after a long way from the north and found Sanaa a suitable place to settle in. Shem originally chose the western part of Sanaa but according to a popular legend, it says that the moment he began building the foundations of the city, a bird flied to himand picked up his sounding lead to the eastern part of Sanaa and dropped the lead. Shem believed that this bird was sent from god to lead him to a better place for settlement. Sanaa is located in the middle of the Yemeni heigh. It is about 2150 high from the sea lever. it is on the west foot of Nukum Mountain. The climate in Sanaa is usually moderate in summer. and cold in winter. However, it has rainy summers, and dry winters. Sanaa is known for its sand and dust storms which results in problems and crop damages. It is also known for its limited natural fresh water which leaves the country in an in sufficient supplies of potable water. Sanaa has a population of 1. million people. Jews are the oldest non Muslim minority that has emigrated to Sanaa, however, the dominant religion is Islam. Majority of the population are Muslims. Other religions in Sanaa is Christianity (Christians) and Hinduism (Hindus). Religion in Sanaa, Yemen reflects the culture and society of Yemen. Sanaa is famous for having many man-made trades including jewelry, silver, kinds of Jambia, copp er containers and agricultural tools that can be founded in the Sanaa Market. The Sanaa Market is located in the old city of Sanaa which Im going to talk about later on in the paper. The market contains a set of small shops open in the ground floor which overlooks narrow streets. Each shop is only few square meters. Today, the Sanaa Market is still as popular as before. Each trade or  goods has a special sub-market for it that the number of the sub markets are 24. All these sub markets are joined now in one name, which is Souq Almelh or Melh Market. As the capital city of Yemen, 40% of jobs in Sanaa are in the public sector. Other primary sources of formal employment in the city are trade and industry. Each county or a city is famous in its own way of diet and food. Yemenis eat three times a day at home. Generally, there is an early breakfast of sweet tea with bread made of sorghum, wheat, or barley. Dinner includes a porridge prepared from fenugreek with meat, eggs, vegetables, herbs, and spices, which is served hot in a stone or clay bowl, a light supper consists of vegetables or dates. Lentils and peas are traditional staples in addition to sorghum. At special occasions and celebrations, guests are served a roasted or boiled meat from goat or sheep with rice. In town and villages it is served with side dished of roasted or fried eggplants and mixed green salads. As for desserts, they serve fruits or custard with raisins and grapes. Sanaa has more than 50 mosques, five of the fifty has domes and others with minarets. The most important mosque is the Great Mosque which was built during the life of Prophet Mohammad and ordered by him in the 8th year of Hejra. which are not less beautiful or wonderful with respect to the style of minarets, domes and artistic embellishments. Sanaa is considered one of the Islamic historical towns in Yemen because it has the Old City of Sanaa which is a wonderful place of old architecture. The old city of Sanaa is one of the nicest cities in the Middle East and the Islamic countries. After the city got developed, they built a fence all over the city. The city had a for in it on a high area. Under this area are the markets and the great mosque of prophet Mohammad. The planning of the city is quarter-based. However, building are built to be next to each other in a close distance. Each quarter of the city has a mosque and a garden that provides its people with vegetables. The city has a big gate that serves as an entry gate. it was built about 1000 years ago and it is called (Bab Al Yemen). Sanaa has the highest mountain in the Middle East which is the mountain of the Prophet Shueib. This mountain is 3766 meters above the sea level. The best quality of Yemeni coffee and grapes can be found there. It also has the most beautiful village in Yemen which is Al-Hajara. Sanaa city is broadened in the horizontal and vertical directions. The old architecture of Sanaa has much of ornamentations existing in a variety of forms and percentages such as fences, mosques, the masses of towers, baths, samsaras, markets, schools and mils. These forms makes Sanaa a live city that meets a persons basic requirements. A person or a group can form immortal architectural heritage which reminds us of the Hymiarites (Hymiarite Kingdom) led architecture. One of the building I am talking about is still there since about seven centuries. Houses in Sanaa are marked by their advanced structural style. Their construction reflect high level of welfare, attraction and beauty. The upper floors are built with bricks, and each floor is separated from the other with a well designed belt. Museums are also a part of Sanaa. It has two important and interesting museum. The National Museum, and the Military Museum. The National Museum was built on 12 October 1987. Its rooms contain many important archeological treasures. It has more than 17 thousand diverse archeological pieces dating back to different historical ages. This begins from the age of the past history and ends in the current age. Second, the Military Museum. It is located in Tahreer Square, and it dates back to the second half of the 19th century after Christians Osmanis built it in their second rule in Yemen. It exhibits historical treasures such as primitive weapons, inscriptions, manuscripts, photographs and portraits. The latter are related to the military history that is why they call it the Military Museum. Cultural institution in   Sanaa takes a role also. Sanaa has five different universities consisting of a large number of different facilities. It has the most important university in Yemen The Sanaa University which was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Republic. Other universities that are located in Sanaa between the private and government universities is the University of Science and Technology, Al-Eman University, Saba University which was named after Queen Saba, and Queen Arwa University. The most important monument in Sanaa is Dar Al-Hajar or the Rock House which located a few kilometers from Sanaa. Any tourist that wouldnt visit has missed it because not seeing Dar Al Hajar is not seeing Sanaa. Most of the visitors forgets visiting this fantastic artistic place. The typical Yemeni architecture is what really makes the building so special and appealing. The palace was built as a summer residence by Imam Yahya in the 1930s. As for the political life in Sanaa it is just like the country. Yemen have entitled a presidential republic and a multiparty parliamentary democracy. The parliament consists of the House of Deputies and an appointed Upper Chamber, or Senate. A president is elected for a five year term and the current president of Yemen Republic is General Ali Abdullah Saleh. He have been ruling the country ever since he won his last campaign in 1999 and that is 12 years of presidency. The Yemeni constitution guarantees the political rights of its women, however, gender inequality is generally widespread in Yemen. In conclusion, Sanaa City is the historical and capital City of the Republic of Yemen. It is one of the most wonderful historical cities in the world and the middle east . Its important because the whole city has a one of a kind architecture that serves as being a live museum to other countries and tourists.

Social Interaction In Acquisition Of Second Languages English Language Essay

Social Interaction In Acquisition Of Second Languages English Language Essay Ever since the basic assumption endorsed in the seminal work of Hatch in the late 1970s that learners learn the structure of a language through interaction rather than learning grammar in order to interact (Gass, 2003: 224-255). The relationship between interaction and acquisition has been one of the core issues in second language acquisition (SLA) research. The reviewed done by Young (1999) has shown that interactional competence is clearly most applicable to explaining cross-cultural communication. It also provides a convenient framework for integrating studies of conversational phenomena within a broader context of interaction. As language usually related two four main domains: reading, writing, oral and listening. In order to practice the oral and listening, interaction is important. At the same time interaction can also assist the development of the second language acquisition. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is the process by which people learn a second language in addition to their native language(s). Linguists have many different approaches towards the acquisition of the second language. In the past few decades, linguists were more focus on the cognitive aspects also known as the psycholinguistic which studies the internal factors of second language acquisition. However, more recent studies have redirected their attention to the external factors which refers to the sociolinguistic. Social interaction is one of the main focuses in the study of the sociolinguistic. Unlike second language acquisition, there are specific brain parts located in the left hemisphere take care of the first language acquisition. If we consider first language acquisition as a natural cognitive development, then second language acquisition will be more like a process of nurture. Since it is more a process of nurture than a natural cognitive development, the social factors will be the vital attribution in the acquisition. Importance of social interaction On the basis of extensive research, there was considerable agreement that the learning environment must include opportunities for learners to engage in meaningful social interaction with users of the second language if they are to discover the linguistic and sociolinguistic rules necessary for second-language comprehension and production (Pica, 1987). And this agreement is still applicable for todays second language learning. A very good example is that students who study abroad are usually more fluent and accurate in the second language they are using, as compare to their classmates in their own country. In fact, there are many examples of the learners who are able to communicate and use the language efficiently without any formal instructions. For example the Bangladeshi workers in Malaysia do not have formal instruction in Bahasa Malaysia but are able to function well in their workplace and the community. Their second language is acquired through the unsystematic social interaction with the broader society. The learner has access to the target language in the course of everyday communication or interaction with the environment. The sounds of the language are embedded in a relevant situational context and the learners job is to extract from this material the rules for the use of the language. This interaction allows him to start learning and learning in turn allows him to make progress in communication (Albakri, 2006). The question might be asked, why interaction is important to the second language acquisition. In order to answer that question we need to look at what is required to second language learning. First of all, we need to have input, with the input we will able to produce a response which also known as the output, feedback will be given according to the output. These three major components made up an interaction. The interaction approach attempts to account for learning through the learners exposure to language, production of language, and feedback on that production. A central claim resulting from a past research is that, though interaction may not be strictly necessary, it nevertheless constitutes the primary means by which language learners obtain data for language learning, not only because interaction is how most learners receive input, but also because the input obtained through interaction is more pragmatic and conducive to acquisition than input received in other ways (Gass Macke y 2007: 175-199). Interlanguage An important term used in the interaction approach of second language acquisition is interlanguage. Interlanguage is a emerging linguistic system that has been developed by a learner of a second language who has not become fully proficient yet but is approximating the target language. It often preserving some features of their first language, or over-generalizing target language rules in speaking or writing the target language and creating innovations. An interlanguage is basically a set of language created by the learner to engage the first language and the second language and it is usually based on the learners experiences with the second language. At a more theoretical level, there are also well-argued claims that the social interaction most relevant to interlanguage development is that in which learners and their correspondents share a need and desire to understand each other (Pica, 1987). There is also recent empirical evidence that such mutual understanding can be reached when the learner and interlocutor modify and restructure their interaction as a result of their requests for clarification or confirmation of each others input and checks on the comprehensibility of their own productions, this will be discussed more in the feedback section. When learners need to understand unfamiliar linguistic input or when required to produce a comprehensible message are opportunities to modify and restructure their interaction with their respondents until mutual comprehension is reached. That process enables learners to move beyond their current interlanguage receptive and expressive capacities and yet improve their second language. Another research investigates the type of interaction and the effects on the development of the interlanguage. It shows that certain kinds of interaction that the child engages in encourage faster and more complete development of features of his interlanguage than other kinds of interaction. A similar finding is reported by Shea (2003), who compares interactions between Japanese students studying at an American university and four different teachers. Shea reports that the Japanese students appear more proficient in English in conversations where they have equal access to the floor and take perspectives that are congruent with those taken by their teachers (Watanabe 2008). Input Input refers to the language that a learner is exposed to. In all approaches to second language acquisition, input is a vital component for learning in that it provides the evidence from which learners can form linguistic hypotheses. On the other hand, the information provided by the input illustrates what is possible within a language. Interaction makes learner see the differences between them and native speakers. Interaction itself also directs learners attention to something new, such as a new lexical item or grammatical construction, thus promoting the development of the L2. Input obtained via interaction has been conceptualized and researched in terms of comprehensible input, negotiation of meaning and comprehensible output by Krashen, Long and Swain (Gass, 2003: 224-255, Krashen, 1981). The interrelatedness of these three notions is concisely articulated in Longs revised version of the Interaction Hypothesis: the negotiation for meaning, and especially negotiation work that tri ggers interactional adjustments by the NS or more competent interlocutor, facilitates acquisition because it connects input, internal learner capacities, particularly selective attention, and output in productive ways (Tarone, 2009: 41-57). The process of turning input into intake has been described by Krashen as follows: First, learners understand a message using the not yet acquired L2 structure and somehow connect the form with its meaning. Second, learners must notice a difference between their current interlanguage competence and the second language form (Xu, 2010). As input of an interaction is just like the listening, it is important for learners to familiar with the phonetic of the second language. Language like French, which does not pronounce the why it looks like. Native speakers usually speak much faster than a learner can understand. It means that it is understandable if the sentence was written or spoken word by word. As many French learners have experienced, it is important for the learner to have more social interactions with the native speakers to get their ears used to the speed and dialect (for some language) of the second language. Output Swain observed the children in Canada which showed less native-like language. Swain hypothesized that what was lacking was sufficient opportunities for language use. She claimed that language production forces learners to move form comprehension to syntactic use of language. As many learners maybe experienced, there is a stage where the learner is too shy to produce an output. It may due to the afraid of making a wrong statement or convey a wrong message. The less the learner talk in the target language, the more shyness the will feel. That is why many Chinese students who take English as second language is excellent in the grammar and lexicon but can hardly talk to a native speaker fluently. Feedback There are two types of feedbacks: implicit and explicit. Explicit refers to correction and metalinguisitic explanations. Implicit feedback refers to confirmation checks (i.e. the sentence or specific word has been correctly heard), clarification requests (i.e. a request for clarify or repeat), and comprehension checks (i.e. an expression used to check the listener is understand or not). Explicit feedback often occurs during negotiation for meaning. Pica (1989) describes how negotiation contributes to the language learning process, suggesting that negotiation facilitates comprehension of L2 input and servers to draw learners attention to form-meaning relationships through processes of repetition, segmentation, and rewording. The research also claims that negotiation can draw learners attention to linguistic problems and proposes that initial steps in interlanguage development occur when learners notice mismatches between the input and their own organization of the target language (Gas s Mackey, 2007: 175-199). With feedbacks, both the native speakers and non-native speakers can adjust their language to a level where they can communicate efficiently. Other research have found that native speaker modifications are more frequent in two-way communication because conversation provides the native speaker with feedback from the learner and thus enables him to estimate the amount of adjustment required (Albakri, 2006). Social context and culture Learning a second language can be said of learning about another society and their culture. Language has been proven that has a great relationship with the society, culture and even history. In order to improve the second language proficiency, social context and culture have to be taken into the consideration. The best way of doing this is to interact with the native speakers. It was shown that speakers of any target language use different varieties of that language in the different social contexts in which it is spoken; a formal variety is appropriate in business meetings, while a vernacular variety is used with friends in a bar. So social context affects the social variety of the second language learners are exposed to. If learners are restricted to only one social context and need to learn varieties of second language that are spoken in other social context and need to learn varieties of second language that are spoken in other social contexts, their overall SLA can be affected. (Tarone, 2007). Culture is difficult to define, but it does not mean that the issue is not important in relation to the acquisition of a second language. Through interaction, learners are able to understand certain usage of the language. For example, in Japanese, you need to use a respectful way or tone and choice of words to talk to a senior or anyone who is socially above your status. It is different in some western countries and the language they used. We may not be sure what culture the learner acquires, but it is certainly different from the learners own culture and this difference is an important part of the learning experience (Regan 1998). Conclusion Social interaction, without any doubt, is important in second language acquisition. The learner receives input from his/her respondent and that input becomes intake when the learner processes the information internally. The learner than produces the output which in turn becomes the input for the respondent and he/she provides feedback to that input. And this process continues as conversation or communication and therefore enhances second language learning (Albakri, 2006). It is also important that, the interaction provide the chance of knowing the culture of the target language and raise the awareness of the social context of the target language, which will indeed promotes the development of the second language. On the other hand, social interaction encourages learners to use the language in a more pragmatic way, which is one of the main reason we learn a second language at first place. Word Count: 2188

Management of Email in a Government Agency Essay -- Email Management P

I often read technical journals and information management publications in print as well as web based articles or white papers. I like to educate myself as well as stay current on the most recent information on Information Management. I feel for my rhetorical essay it’s best to stick to what I know and what I’m familiar with. The article I chose to elaborate on comes from the January/February 2014 issue of Information Management , an ARMA Publication. It addresses the ongoing issues of email management and email retention. Most organizations, civilian and government struggle with the problem of email storage and email retention. In an ideal world it would be the desire of the organization to limit the amount of email and the length of email retention to an across the board timeframe, 3 years, 5 years, 7 years, 10 years or longer for specific records. Although uniform retention periods are a goal and objective for many organizations, it isn’t very realistic for most government entities. Dr. William Saffady begins his article â€Å"Taking Control of E-Mail with Uniform Retention Rules† questioning the practicality of schedule-based retention periods for the management of email and electronic communication. He recommends an alternative system of managing email messages by adopting uniform retention rules. Dr. Saffady is currently Professor at the Palmer School of Library and Information Science, Long Island University in New Your City, where he teaches courses on information management topics. He is definitely well versed in his field and more than qualified in his assessment if email management. Although Dr. Saffady is well qualified to his opinion and make recommendations but I have to disagree with his as... ...urrently Cook County where I work have over 20,000 employees. The management of email for 20,000 employees is a huge task but one that must be taken seriously. References Arizona State Library of Archives and Public Records. (n.d.). â€Å"Guideline for managing public records sent and received via electronic mail†. http://www.azlibrary.gov/records/GuidanceAndRelatedResources/GuidelinesForManagingPublicRecordsSentAndReceivedViaElectronicMail.aspx Live Office – Your Archiving Experts. (2010 July). â€Å" Best Practices Guide for Email Retention.† Retrieved March 11, 2014 from http://www.liveoffice.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/Best_Practices_Guide_for_Email_Retention_0.pdf Saffady, William, PhD., (2014) â€Å"Taking Control of E-Mail with Uniform Retention Rules† , Information Management, An ARMA International Publication, Volume 48, No 1, 20-26

Edward Scissorhands gives the idea

People always set a so called standard. We might not notice it but we lived with it. We can not deny the reality that we distinguished or categories everything; right music, beautiful, normal, etc. We set it as a standard or right thing because it is the common thing that we see and everything that does not belong to it said to be abnormal, ugly and the like.Did we ever ask what others say about these standards? Especially those that we think do not belong to us. If it is not the beautiful that we see today is set as â€Å"beautiful† then it will be the other one that we will be referring as beautiful. Well, it is planted already in our hearts. No mater what we do there our heart will still say and stick to what we usually see.Most often when we see people who do not belong to that standard we give them uncommon treatment. Why? It is because we think they are incapable of doing what we commonly did. Well, good for those treated with good but for others they were even denied wi th their rights as a person.Edward Scissorhands gives the idea or states what is happening to our society. When somebody saw him he was brought home but treated as a specials person. Well, he is incapable of doing some things that a what they called â€Å"normal people† do (just like what happened to the waterbed).People treat him with uncommon treatment because of his weaknesses. One example scene that gives an idea of the common reactions of people is that when Edward, even incapable of doing some things, had a hidden strength of ability.If they were not preoccupied with the thing that Edward is incapable they will never be amazed when they knew that Edward has a hidden artistry. They loved him since then. Well, we can not deny that fact that is a nature of man to show kindness to those who show him kindness.One man got envious with Edward. He blackmailed him and charged him with robbery. That plot starts to cause hi to be driven away. Although it was not at that moment but it was the start that some people think him negatively. The people did not examine every detail of the events and concluded directly.When they saw Edward with a blood on his scissorhands they postulated he was attempting to kill. They were preoccupied that because Edward is different from them he will commit a crime or he will do bad thing to them at anytime and by that they did not investigate. They drove away Edward.Edward’s social aspect did not develop fully because unexposed to other people. He grew in an isolated place. He wasn’t exposed because of the fear that the community might not like him and will not accept him. As we can see social integration is needed for human beings to be developed as a person. It’s not only because of that factor but it is because of the fact that every person is unique.No person is the same as the other. Because not all of us have the same weaknesses and strength e need to interact to fill up the voids of some aspects. If Ed ward grew up with the community, he will not be treated as such he will be common to their sight. Every person need also to know what is happening to his society for him to adjust with the community trend.One common reaction for a man who is not oriented with the community is watching himself not to be seen and notice by others as different. In other words he will try to be one of them. This rapid change of environment causes Edward to act abnormally; meaning he act not the same with the community.Even though the film did not verbally mentioned the thoughts of Edward I still see his inner feelings of being not oriented. He is like a sheep being put together with the pigs where he tried to be like pigs. He tried to do what the community is doing.This is unhealthy for human beings; a sudden change of environment. This often caused the person’s being to be crushed. For worse, it will lead only to the destruction of his personality. Because human beings can not adopt easily, ever ything need to be a gradual process. Everybody should help with one another to bridge the gap between them.

Free Essays on Huck Finn Facets Of Lies

The Many Facets of Lies In Mark Twain’s novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck begins by stating that he â€Å"never seen anybody but lied, one time or another† (Twain 13). By stating this, Huck is implying that he himself also lies. However, in Huck’s life, there are several different facets of lying. There are ‘stretching the truth’ lies, lies made out of ignorance or misunderstandings, lies made for survival, and malicious lies designed to harm people. Mark Twain once stated that â€Å"Truth is more of a stranger than fiction† (Notebook 1898). To Huck Finn, this is the way that he lives his life. His best friend, Tom Sawyer is an example of someone who stretches the truth. Tom does this to create excitement in his life and live out the romantic novels of adventure that he reads. Tom leads his friends in creating a gang of robbers. When they first form their club, the boys â€Å"take an oath, and write their names in blood† (Twain 20). The entire point of the gang is to ransom people and kill all but women and children (Twain 21). This gang fulfills Tom’s fantasies of adventure and wild times without his family holding him down it is an escape from civilization. Jim is another character in Twain’s novel that habitually stretches the truth to build him up. Jim’s lies are harmless though and are only done for his own amusement or gratification. When the gang of boys plays a joke on Jim in the beginning of the novel, Tom â€Å"slipped Jim’s hat off of his head and hung it on a limb† above Jim’s head (Twain 19). When Jim wakes up in the woods, he is convinced that witches enchanted him and â€Å"rode him all over the State;† however, as Jim continues to tell the story to more people, he exaggerates it to build it up in impressiveness and thus build his own importance (Twain 19). By the time that Jim has told most everyone about the witches, he claims to have been ridden â€Å"all over the world, and t... Free Essays on Huck Finn Facets Of Lies Free Essays on Huck Finn Facets Of Lies The Many Facets of Lies In Mark Twain’s novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck begins by stating that he â€Å"never seen anybody but lied, one time or another† (Twain 13). By stating this, Huck is implying that he himself also lies. However, in Huck’s life, there are several different facets of lying. There are ‘stretching the truth’ lies, lies made out of ignorance or misunderstandings, lies made for survival, and malicious lies designed to harm people. Mark Twain once stated that â€Å"Truth is more of a stranger than fiction† (Notebook 1898). To Huck Finn, this is the way that he lives his life. His best friend, Tom Sawyer is an example of someone who stretches the truth. Tom does this to create excitement in his life and live out the romantic novels of adventure that he reads. Tom leads his friends in creating a gang of robbers. When they first form their club, the boys â€Å"take an oath, and write their names in blood† (Twain 20). The entire point of the gang is to ransom people and kill all but women and children (Twain 21). This gang fulfills Tom’s fantasies of adventure and wild times without his family holding him down it is an escape from civilization. Jim is another character in Twain’s novel that habitually stretches the truth to build him up. Jim’s lies are harmless though and are only done for his own amusement or gratification. When the gang of boys plays a joke on Jim in the beginning of the novel, Tom â€Å"slipped Jim’s hat off of his head and hung it on a limb† above Jim’s head (Twain 19). When Jim wakes up in the woods, he is convinced that witches enchanted him and â€Å"rode him all over the State;† however, as Jim continues to tell the story to more people, he exaggerates it to build it up in impressiveness and thus build his own importance (Twain 19). By the time that Jim has told most everyone about the witches, he claims to have been ridden â€Å"all over the world, and t...